Lige Moss and Sam Watson (pg.65 chapter 6)
[Passage from Lige Moss]
“Listen, Sam, if it was nature, nobody wouldn’t have tuh look out for babies touchin’ stoves, would they? ’Cause dey just naturally wouldn’t touch it. But dey sho will. So it’s caution.” “Naw it ain’t, it’s nature, cause nature makes caution. It’s de strongest thing dat God ever made, now. Fact is it’s de onliest thing God every made. He made nature and nature made everything else.”
[Rewritten passage from Janie]
Tuh me, Ah’d think it is nature, cause caution comes from nature and it’s de only thing dat God ever made, he’s jus there as a guide. He made nature and nature made everything else. Humans as creature now are part of nature. God ain’t create everything, things form from nature and Ah think nature solves all. Yah only need God when yah need him the most…that’s why yah pray.”
This interchange, which occurs in Chapter 6, is an excerpt from a lively debate between Lige Moss and Sam Watson on the porch of Jody’s store. In addition to being an excellent example of Hurston’s use of dialect and idiomatic English, this dialogue speaks to Janie’s developing understanding of herself in relation to the world. Here, Sam and Lige argue about the relationship between mankind and God and between themselves and the world around them.
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Historical Context
~By Melodie Olson
In the novel written by Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Watching God,emphasized many of the cultural and historical events of African American society. During the early 1900's, these events helped shaped their social movements to fight against racism, segregation and equality. Hurston depicts the social atmosphere, including the complex issues in the characters relationships involving the women and men, and the liaison between the whites and blacks of America. In the early 1920's, Hurston travels to Eatonville, Florida to gather factual evidence for her future novels. Our story begins in Eatonville, located six miles north of Orlando, Florida, in Orange County. It is named in commemoration of the founder Mayor Josiah Eaton, after he sold land to Joseph Clarke in 1882. Following the Civil War, countless blacks strived for freedom and independence from the white communities, they searched for areas to put down their own roots. Having aspirations of developing their own town, Clarke began selling increments of land to black families from Orlando, Maitland and Winter Park. Starting with only three-hundred people and one-hundred and twelve acres, it became home to numerous black families. In August of 1887, twenty -seven black male registered voters, agreed to unify Eatonville as the first African-American municipal in the country. Joe Starks the town mayor in the book says " Us got tuh incorporate, and us got tuh have uh mayor, if things is going to be done and done right"(43). Today, Eatonville is considered the oldest of the dozen black communities that still exist today. It continues to practice long established customs by electing their current African-American Mayor Bruce B. Mount; growing in population it now has 2,362 residents. Because of the author's connection with the town, they maintain celebration every year, during the festival of literature and arts, drawing approximately 160,000 people.
In the beginning of this novel, Janie impressed by her husband's honorable intentions of buying a mule remarks, "Something like George Washington and Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln, he had de whole United States tuh rule so he freed de Negroes. You got uh town so you freed uh mule" (58). Abraham Lincoln spent most of his life trying to abolish slavery; at the age of twenty-eight he made a public speech opposing slave markets. In the late 1840's, after being elected to congress he proposed an anti-slavery law which would put an end to this injustice, it was unsuccessful. Later in 1846, Dred Scott a black man, was prosecuted for being free, following his owner's abandonment; in 1857 the lawsuit went to the Supreme Court. Judge Taney a racist, supervised the trial believed whites should not associate with Negroes. Lincoln appalled at the Judge's statement worked endlessly to pass a law to eliminate slavery. In July of 1862, he authorized a bill that would free all slaves, The Emancipation Proclamation. However, the Thirteenth Amendment, which eliminates slavery entirely was not launched until several months after Lincoln's death in 1865.
Towards the end of Hurston's novel, a massive hurricane is predicted by the Indians, "It woke up old Okeechobee and the monster began to roll in his bed. Began to roll and complain like a peevish world on a grumble" (158). In September of 1928, a category five hurricane hit Florida and surrounding areas such as the Bahamas, Puerto Rico and the Leeward Islands. The storm from Lake Okeechobee, struck south Florida flooding hundreds of miles, and damaging over 1171 homes that were uprooted from their foundation; in addition, numerous phone and power lines were down, costing in the vicinity of $100 million dollars in restoration. The span of the storm's gusts were projected at around 234 miles, and the air stream on U.S. land measured 140 miles per hour. Because of the low ground areas many survivors were cautioned to leave immediately and vacate the premises. In chapter eighteen Teacake comments about the upcoming hurricane " Dey don't always know. Indians don't know much uh nothin', tuh tell de truth. Else dey'd own dis country still. De white folks ain't gone nowhere. Dey oughta know if it's dangerous" (156). As a result, the total of 4,078 people were killed leaving countless numbers of bodies undiscovered and missing. Approximately, 75% of the deaths were black seasonal rural worker, thus leaving others to ascertain the misplaced, and the bodies of the deceased very difficult. The brutal Okeechobee hurricane is rated second on the list of deadliest hurricanes, in the history of the United States.
References:
Hurston, Zora Neale Their Eyes Were Watching God. First Edition.
New York: HarperPerennial-Modern Classics, 2006
In the novel written by Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Watching God,emphasized many of the cultural and historical events of African American society. During the early 1900's, these events helped shaped their social movements to fight against racism, segregation and equality. Hurston depicts the social atmosphere, including the complex issues in the characters relationships involving the women and men, and the liaison between the whites and blacks of America. In the early 1920's, Hurston travels to Eatonville, Florida to gather factual evidence for her future novels. Our story begins in Eatonville, located six miles north of Orlando, Florida, in Orange County. It is named in commemoration of the founder Mayor Josiah Eaton, after he sold land to Joseph Clarke in 1882. Following the Civil War, countless blacks strived for freedom and independence from the white communities, they searched for areas to put down their own roots. Having aspirations of developing their own town, Clarke began selling increments of land to black families from Orlando, Maitland and Winter Park. Starting with only three-hundred people and one-hundred and twelve acres, it became home to numerous black families. In August of 1887, twenty -seven black male registered voters, agreed to unify Eatonville as the first African-American municipal in the country. Joe Starks the town mayor in the book says " Us got tuh incorporate, and us got tuh have uh mayor, if things is going to be done and done right"(43). Today, Eatonville is considered the oldest of the dozen black communities that still exist today. It continues to practice long established customs by electing their current African-American Mayor Bruce B. Mount; growing in population it now has 2,362 residents. Because of the author's connection with the town, they maintain celebration every year, during the festival of literature and arts, drawing approximately 160,000 people.
In the beginning of this novel, Janie impressed by her husband's honorable intentions of buying a mule remarks, "Something like George Washington and Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln, he had de whole United States tuh rule so he freed de Negroes. You got uh town so you freed uh mule" (58). Abraham Lincoln spent most of his life trying to abolish slavery; at the age of twenty-eight he made a public speech opposing slave markets. In the late 1840's, after being elected to congress he proposed an anti-slavery law which would put an end to this injustice, it was unsuccessful. Later in 1846, Dred Scott a black man, was prosecuted for being free, following his owner's abandonment; in 1857 the lawsuit went to the Supreme Court. Judge Taney a racist, supervised the trial believed whites should not associate with Negroes. Lincoln appalled at the Judge's statement worked endlessly to pass a law to eliminate slavery. In July of 1862, he authorized a bill that would free all slaves, The Emancipation Proclamation. However, the Thirteenth Amendment, which eliminates slavery entirely was not launched until several months after Lincoln's death in 1865.
Towards the end of Hurston's novel, a massive hurricane is predicted by the Indians, "It woke up old Okeechobee and the monster began to roll in his bed. Began to roll and complain like a peevish world on a grumble" (158). In September of 1928, a category five hurricane hit Florida and surrounding areas such as the Bahamas, Puerto Rico and the Leeward Islands. The storm from Lake Okeechobee, struck south Florida flooding hundreds of miles, and damaging over 1171 homes that were uprooted from their foundation; in addition, numerous phone and power lines were down, costing in the vicinity of $100 million dollars in restoration. The span of the storm's gusts were projected at around 234 miles, and the air stream on U.S. land measured 140 miles per hour. Because of the low ground areas many survivors were cautioned to leave immediately and vacate the premises. In chapter eighteen Teacake comments about the upcoming hurricane " Dey don't always know. Indians don't know much uh nothin', tuh tell de truth. Else dey'd own dis country still. De white folks ain't gone nowhere. Dey oughta know if it's dangerous" (156). As a result, the total of 4,078 people were killed leaving countless numbers of bodies undiscovered and missing. Approximately, 75% of the deaths were black seasonal rural worker, thus leaving others to ascertain the misplaced, and the bodies of the deceased very difficult. The brutal Okeechobee hurricane is rated second on the list of deadliest hurricanes, in the history of the United States.
References:
Hurston, Zora Neale Their Eyes Were Watching God. First Edition.
New York: HarperPerennial-Modern Classics, 2006
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Zora Neale Hurston
~By Darla Xiong
Zora Neale Hurston was a lively person who attracted many friends, and even got on her father’s nerves for all her playfulness. Zora’s colorful personality should be reflected in her writing style.
Zora Neale Hurston was born during 1901 in Eatonville, Florida. She was the fifth of eight children of John and Lucy Ann Potts Hurston. Her father John was a sharecropper, carpenter, and a Baptist preacher; her mother Lucy, a former schoolteacher. Lucy Hurston, died when Zora was nine years old. Lucy encouraged her to be independent and creative. She encouraged all of her children to "jump at de sun". Zora frequently clashed with her father while growing up, and never married.
Shortly after, she joined. Hurston received a lot of criticism in her time by other writers, some of whom were also involved in the Harlem Renaissance. She was one of the shapers of the black literary and cultural movement of the twenties. Darwin Turner was a critic of Hurston's work who tended base his critique of her work on his person views of her personality. He states that all of Hurston's work must be looked at in regards to the above statement. Hurston's work came at a time when critics were both white and black, but were all men. Mary Helen Washington has said that "To a large extent, the attention focused on Zora Hurston's controversial personality and lifestyle has inhibited any objective critical analysis of her work. Few male critics have been able to resist sly innuendoes and outright attacks on Hurston's personal life, even when the work in question was not affected by her disposition or her private affairs" (1979).
But having it written vividly and wittily, it lacked accuracies as Zora attempted demonstrate her life according to the fantasy world she idealized.
Her final novel Seraph on the Suwanee (1948), was set in Florida in the early twentieth century. The book was about a white family named Meserve.
Critics found this book unconvincing, though Zora's writing ability was noted. Zora Neale Hurston received the brilliance of her literary works, after her wonderful achievements. And any aspect of black culture that remains preserved today and continues to enlighten us owes its status in one way or another to Zora Neale Hurston.
Hurston, Zora Neale; compiled by Walker, Alice (1979). "I love myself when I am laughing... And then again when I am looking mean and impressive" pp. 7-26, 169-173. New York: The Feminist Press.
Zora spent most of her childhood in in the town of Eatonville, Florida. It was the first all black community to be incorporated in the United States. Hurston grew up uneducated and poor, but she was immersed with black folk life through out her childhood. She had little experience with racism early on since the town was all one race. This caused her to have unconventional attitudes later in life which alienated her from others.
At the age of fourteen, Hurston was enrolled in the Morgan Academy. She was hired by a traveling drama troupe, Gilbert & Sullivan, as a wardrobe girl and maid. During this time she came to Baltimore. She graduated in June of 1918. Then she went to Howard and got her associates degree in 1920. She kept studying there until 1924.
Hurston went to Barnard College in the later 1920's and studied under anthropologist, Dr. Franz Boas. She continued to work under him later when she attended Columbia University. In 1927, "Papa" Franz as she called him, helped Hurston go back to Eatonville to collect folklore.
Around 1925 Hurston lived in New York , one of her articles she worked on called "Spunk" was published in the black journal Opportunity and caught the attention of such poets as Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen. They who were active movers of the Harlem Renaissance.
In the Caribbean, Zora Neale Hurston wrote the book she is probably most known for Their Eyes Were Watching God. Hurston focused primarily on African American culture, one of the characters say " you know, honey, us colored folks is branches without roots..." Hurston was able to tell her stories through. The book was written in 1937, after the ending of a love affair she had with a younger man. It took her seven weeks to complete. The book is about a woman named Janie who learns to find herself and accept an identity that society is not so fast to accept, as a fulfilled and autonomous black woman. Janie also finds love in this novel. Zora Neale Hurston received also love later in her career, the brilliance of her literary works Dust Tracks on a Road (1942) success.
Hurston had a hard time with depicting blacks as defeated, humiliated, degraded, or victimized in her work. This is because she hadn't have experience herself or other African Americans in those ways. She wanted to portray black life in a way unconcerned relationship with white and black. To portray the unawareness of problems attributed to being black. She wanted to show them laughing, celebrating, loving, and struggling.
Zora's literary appeal waned shortly after. Her reputation was scratch in 1948 when she was arrested for molesting a ten-year-old retarded boy. The charges were later dropped. Result of this scandal, it was much of Zora's own doing that tarnished her reputation
Zora Neale Hurston died of hypertensive heart disease on Jan. 28, 1960. The Hurston Family was never very well-to-do, and Zora died without enough money to even pay for her funeral. Undoubtedly she understood the trials and hardships of low finances.
Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison and Alice Walker later authors were greatly influenced by her books, and ironically they have addressed the issue of prejudice in their books.
References:
Hurston, Zora Neale (1942, reprinted 1991). Dust tracks on a road. New York: Harper Collins
Zora Neale Hurston was a lively person who attracted many friends, and even got on her father’s nerves for all her playfulness. Zora’s colorful personality should be reflected in her writing style.
Zora Neale Hurston was born during 1901 in Eatonville, Florida. She was the fifth of eight children of John and Lucy Ann Potts Hurston. Her father John was a sharecropper, carpenter, and a Baptist preacher; her mother Lucy, a former schoolteacher. Lucy Hurston, died when Zora was nine years old. Lucy encouraged her to be independent and creative. She encouraged all of her children to "jump at de sun". Zora frequently clashed with her father while growing up, and never married.
Shortly after, she joined. Hurston received a lot of criticism in her time by other writers, some of whom were also involved in the Harlem Renaissance. She was one of the shapers of the black literary and cultural movement of the twenties. Darwin Turner was a critic of Hurston's work who tended base his critique of her work on his person views of her personality. He states that all of Hurston's work must be looked at in regards to the above statement. Hurston's work came at a time when critics were both white and black, but were all men. Mary Helen Washington has said that "To a large extent, the attention focused on Zora Hurston's controversial personality and lifestyle has inhibited any objective critical analysis of her work. Few male critics have been able to resist sly innuendoes and outright attacks on Hurston's personal life, even when the work in question was not affected by her disposition or her private affairs" (1979).
But having it written vividly and wittily, it lacked accuracies as Zora attempted demonstrate her life according to the fantasy world she idealized.
Her final novel Seraph on the Suwanee (1948), was set in Florida in the early twentieth century. The book was about a white family named Meserve.
Critics found this book unconvincing, though Zora's writing ability was noted. Zora Neale Hurston received the brilliance of her literary works, after her wonderful achievements. And any aspect of black culture that remains preserved today and continues to enlighten us owes its status in one way or another to Zora Neale Hurston.
Hurston, Zora Neale; compiled by Walker, Alice (1979). "I love myself when I am laughing... And then again when I am looking mean and impressive" pp. 7-26, 169-173. New York: The Feminist Press.
Zora spent most of her childhood in in the town of Eatonville, Florida. It was the first all black community to be incorporated in the United States. Hurston grew up uneducated and poor, but she was immersed with black folk life through out her childhood. She had little experience with racism early on since the town was all one race. This caused her to have unconventional attitudes later in life which alienated her from others.
At the age of fourteen, Hurston was enrolled in the Morgan Academy. She was hired by a traveling drama troupe, Gilbert & Sullivan, as a wardrobe girl and maid. During this time she came to Baltimore. She graduated in June of 1918. Then she went to Howard and got her associates degree in 1920. She kept studying there until 1924.
Hurston went to Barnard College in the later 1920's and studied under anthropologist, Dr. Franz Boas. She continued to work under him later when she attended Columbia University. In 1927, "Papa" Franz as she called him, helped Hurston go back to Eatonville to collect folklore.
Around 1925 Hurston lived in New York , one of her articles she worked on called "Spunk" was published in the black journal Opportunity and caught the attention of such poets as Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen. They who were active movers of the Harlem Renaissance.
In the Caribbean, Zora Neale Hurston wrote the book she is probably most known for Their Eyes Were Watching God. Hurston focused primarily on African American culture, one of the characters say " you know, honey, us colored folks is branches without roots..." Hurston was able to tell her stories through. The book was written in 1937, after the ending of a love affair she had with a younger man. It took her seven weeks to complete. The book is about a woman named Janie who learns to find herself and accept an identity that society is not so fast to accept, as a fulfilled and autonomous black woman. Janie also finds love in this novel. Zora Neale Hurston received also love later in her career, the brilliance of her literary works Dust Tracks on a Road (1942) success.
Hurston had a hard time with depicting blacks as defeated, humiliated, degraded, or victimized in her work. This is because she hadn't have experience herself or other African Americans in those ways. She wanted to portray black life in a way unconcerned relationship with white and black. To portray the unawareness of problems attributed to being black. She wanted to show them laughing, celebrating, loving, and struggling.
Zora's literary appeal waned shortly after. Her reputation was scratch in 1948 when she was arrested for molesting a ten-year-old retarded boy. The charges were later dropped. Result of this scandal, it was much of Zora's own doing that tarnished her reputation
Zora Neale Hurston died of hypertensive heart disease on Jan. 28, 1960. The Hurston Family was never very well-to-do, and Zora died without enough money to even pay for her funeral. Undoubtedly she understood the trials and hardships of low finances.
Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison and Alice Walker later authors were greatly influenced by her books, and ironically they have addressed the issue of prejudice in their books.
References:
Hurston, Zora Neale (1942, reprinted 1991). Dust tracks on a road. New York: Harper Collins
Monday, December 14, 2009
Novel Soundtrack
I see trees of green, red roses too,
I see them bloom, for me and you.
And I think to myself... what a wonderful world.
I see skies of blue, and clouds of white,
The bright blessed day, the dark sacred night.
And I think to myself... what a wonderful world.
The colors of the rainbow so pretty in the sky,
Also the faces of people going by.
I see friends shaking hands, say how do you do?
They're really saying I love you.
I hear babies crying, I watch them grow,
They'll learn much more than I'll ever know.
And I think to myself... what a wonderful world.
Janie is beginning mature and wonders about love. She observes the pear tree and the bumble bee’s "marriage" and for the rest of her story she strives for a similar union. Nature is an important part in Janie’s education about life. This song reflects the significance of nature.
“I Want to Know What Love Is”
gotta take a little time
“I Want to Know What Love Is”
gotta take a little time
A little time to think things over
I better read between the lines
In case I need it when I'm older
Aaaah woah-ah-aah
Now this mountain I must climb
Feels like a world upon my shoulders
And through the clouds I see love shine
It keeps me warm as life grows colder
In my life there's been heartache and pain
I don't know if I can face it again
Can't stop now, I've traveled so far
To change this lonely life
I wanna know what love is
I want you to show me
I wanna feel what love is
I know you can show me
Aaaah woah-oh-ooh
I'm gonna take a little time
A little time to look around me, oooh ooh-ooh ooh-ooh oooh
I've got nowhere left to hide
It looks like love has finally found me
In my life there's been heartache and pain
I don't know if I can face it again
I can't stop now, I've traveled so far
To change this lonely life
I wanna know what love is
I want you to show me
I wanna feel what love is
I know you can show me
I wanna know what love is
I want you to show me
And I wanna feel, I want to feel what love is
And I know, I know you can show me
Let's talk about love(I wanna know what love is)
the love that you feel inside(I want you to show me)
I'm feeling so much love(I wanna feel what love is)
no, you just cannot hide(I know you can show me)
yeah, woah-oh-ooh...
Janie begins a quest to find love. At first she believes love come after marriage and when people get married they discover love. She gets married to Logan Killicks, she believes love will come.
“What’s Love Got to do with it?”
You must understand
“What’s Love Got to do with it?”
You must understand
That the touch of your hand
Makes my pulse react
That it's only the thrill
Of boy meeting girl
Opposites attract
It's physical
Only logical
You must try to ignore
That it means more than that
Oh what’s love got to do, got to do with it
What's love but a second hand emotion
What's love got to do, got to do with it
Who needs a heart
When a heart can be broken
It may seem to you
That I'm acting confused
When you're close to me
If I tend to look dazed
I've read it someplace
I've got cause to be
There's a name for it
There's a phrase that fits
But whatever the reason
You do it for me
I've been taking on a new direction
But I have to say
I've been thinking about my own protection
It scares me to feel this way
What's love got to do, got to do with it
What's love but a sweet old fashioned notion
What's love got to do, got to do with it
Who needs a heart when a heart can be broken
Janie’s nanny wants Janie to marry a man that will protect here, but the chemisty is not part of their marriage. Janie still desires more from a husband and leaves Logan for what she believes to be a better choice, Joe Starkes.
“I Know Where I’ve Been”
There's a light
“I Know Where I’ve Been”
There's a light
In the darkness
Though the night
Is black as my skin
There's a light
Burning bright
Showing me the way
But I know where I've been
There's a cry
In the distance
It's a voice
That comes from deep within
There's a cry
Asking why
I pray the answer's up ahead
'Cause I know where I've been
There's a road
We've been travelin'
Lost so many on the way
But the riches
Will be plenty
Worth the price we
Had to pay
There's a dream
In the future
There's a struggle
We have yet to win
And there's pride
In my heart
'Cause I know
Where I'm going
And I know where I've been
There's a road
We must travel
There's a promise
We must make
'Cause the riches
Will be plenty
Worth the risk
And chances that we take
There's a dream
In the future
There's a struggle
We have yet to win
Use that pride
In our hearts
To lift us up
To tomorrow
'Cause just to sit still
Would be a sin
I know it, I know it
I know where I'm going
And lord knows I know..
Where I've been
Oh! When we win,
I'll give thanks to my god
'Cause I know where I've been
Janie marries Joe Starks and has high hopes. Joe is a prominent member of the community and he only really has Janie around to complete his social picture. Janie feels very alone as Joe keeps her away from the activities of everyday community life.
“The Thrill is Gone”
The thrill is gone
“The Thrill is Gone”
The thrill is gone
The thrill is gone away
The thrill is gone baby
The thrill is gone away
You know you done me wrong baby
And you'll be sorry someday
The thrill is gone
It's gone away from me
The thrill is gone baby
The thrill is gone away from me
Although I'll still live on
But so lonely I'll be
The thrill is gone
Oh, the thrill is gone baby
Baby its gone away for good
Someday I know I'll be over it all baby
Just like I know a man should
You know I'm free, free now baby
I'm free from your spell
I'm free, free now
I'm free from your spell
And now that it's over
All I can do is wish you well
Janie and Joe have lost any bond they once held dear. Janie no longer loves Joe, and she is getting angrier with him for treating her as an object instead of a loving wife.
‘RESPECT’
‘RESPECT’
(oo) What you want
(oo) Baby, I got
(oo) What you need
(oo) Do you know I got it?
(oo) All I'm askin'
(oo) Is for a little respect when you come home (just a little bit)
Hey baby (just a little bit) when you get home
(just a little bit) mister (just a little bit)
I ain't gonna do you wrong while you're gone
Ain't gonna do you wrong (oo) 'cause I don't wanna (oo)
All I'm askin' (oo)
Is for a little respect when you come home (just a little bit)
Baby (just a little bit) when you get home (just a little bit)
Yeah (just a little bit)...
Janie yells at Joe in front of the entire town. As a result of her blow up, he moves to another room and Janie is left feeling disrespected. Janie would probably been very happy with even just a little bit of respect from Joe.
“Safe in the Arms of Jesus”
Safe in the arms of Jesus,
“Safe in the Arms of Jesus”
Safe in the arms of Jesus,
Safe on His gentle breast;
There by His love o’ershaded,
Sweetly my soul shall rest.
Hark! ’Tis the voice of angels
Borne in a song to me,
Over the fields of glory,
Over the jasper sea.
Safe in the arms of Jesus,
Safe on His gentle breast;
There by His love o’ershaded,
Sweetly my soul shall rest.
Safe in the arms of Jesus,
Safe from corroding care,
Safe from the world’s temptations;
Sin cannot harm me there.
Free from the blight of sorrow,
Free from my doubts and fears;
Only a few more trials,
Only a few more tears!
Jesus, my heart’s dear Refuge,
Jesus has died for me;
Firm on the Rock of Ages
Ever my trust shall be.
Here let me wait with patience,
Wait till the night is o’er;
Wait till I see the morning
Break on the golden shore.
Joe dies and it is a bitter sweet end to Janie’s marriage. She does not mourn him, but the death of a what she longs for. Janie’s mouning is short lived, and she goes on to try to follow her dreams. “Safe in the Arms of Jesus” was the actual song sung at Joe’s funeral.
“Try it on My Own”
I'm wiser now
Joe dies and it is a bitter sweet end to Janie’s marriage. She does not mourn him, but the death of a what she longs for. Janie’s mouning is short lived, and she goes on to try to follow her dreams. “Safe in the Arms of Jesus” was the actual song sung at Joe’s funeral.
“Try it on My Own”
I'm wiser now
I’m not the foolish girl you used to know
So long ago I'm stronger now
I've learned from my mistakes which way to go
And I should know I put myself aside to do it in your way
But now I need to do it all alone
And I am not afraid to try it on my own
I don't care if I'm right or wrong
I'll live my life the way I feel no matter what I'll keep it real
You know Time for me to do it on my own
It's over now
I can't go back to living through your eyes
To many lies
And if you don’t know by now
I can’t go back to being someone else
not anymore
I never had the chance to do things my way
So now it's time for me to take control...
Janie has two marriages in her past, two marriages that seemed practical. She now wants to marry for love, and not for protection or social status. She finds Tea Cake, a gambler and a hustler. He does not seem to be the faithful husband type, but Janie finds his enticing. She is going to take a chance and try it on her own, without her Nanny’s help, or her common sense. She needs to find out if she can follow her dreams and be happy.
[O] is for the only one I see
[V] is very, very extraordinary
[E] is even more than anyone that you adore
Love is all
That I can give to you
Love is more
Than just a game for two
Two in love can make it
Take my heart
And please don't break it
Love was made
For me and you...
Janie and Tea Cake are in love and she thinks that they can make it because they simply have each other and they don’t need anything else but love. She feels a chemistry with him that she never felt with her former husbands.
“Bare Necessities”
Look for the bare necessities
The simple bare necessities
Forget about your worries and your strife
I mean the bare necessities
Old Mother Nature's recipes
That brings the bare necessities of life
Wherever I wander, wherever I roam
I couldn't be fonder of my big home
The bees are buzzin' in the tree
To make some honey just for me
When you look under the rocks and plants
And take a glance at the fancy ants
Then maybe try a few
The bare necessities of life will come to you
They'll come to you!
Look for the bare necessities
The simple bare necessities
Forget about your worries and your strife
I mean the bare necessities
That's why a bear can rest at ease
With just the bare necessities of life
Now when you pick a pawpaw
Or a prickly pear
And you prick a raw paw
Next time beware
Don't pick the prickly pear by the paw
When you pick a pear
Try to use the claw
But you don't need to use the claw
When you pick a pear of the big pawpaw
Have I given you a clue?
The bare necessities of life will come to you
They'll come to you!
So just try and relax, yeah cool it
Fall apart in my backyard
'Cause let me tell you something little britches
If you act like that bee acts, uh uh
You're working too hard
And don't spend your time lookin' around
For something you want that can't be found
When you find out you can live without it
And go along not thinkin' about it
I'll tell you something true
The bare necessities of life will come to you
Janie sells Joe’s store and she and Tea Cake move to the Everglades to work as migrant farmers. They have just the bare necessities, but she is happy with Tea Cake and the life they have in their black community. Janie has always loved nature and enjoys working outdoors with Tea Cakes and her simple life with him because she loves him and he loves her.
“I’ll Be There”
You and I must make a pact
Look for the bare necessities
The simple bare necessities
Forget about your worries and your strife
I mean the bare necessities
Old Mother Nature's recipes
That brings the bare necessities of life
Wherever I wander, wherever I roam
I couldn't be fonder of my big home
The bees are buzzin' in the tree
To make some honey just for me
When you look under the rocks and plants
And take a glance at the fancy ants
Then maybe try a few
The bare necessities of life will come to you
They'll come to you!
Look for the bare necessities
The simple bare necessities
Forget about your worries and your strife
I mean the bare necessities
That's why a bear can rest at ease
With just the bare necessities of life
Now when you pick a pawpaw
Or a prickly pear
And you prick a raw paw
Next time beware
Don't pick the prickly pear by the paw
When you pick a pear
Try to use the claw
But you don't need to use the claw
When you pick a pear of the big pawpaw
Have I given you a clue?
The bare necessities of life will come to you
They'll come to you!
So just try and relax, yeah cool it
Fall apart in my backyard
'Cause let me tell you something little britches
If you act like that bee acts, uh uh
You're working too hard
And don't spend your time lookin' around
For something you want that can't be found
When you find out you can live without it
And go along not thinkin' about it
I'll tell you something true
The bare necessities of life will come to you
Janie sells Joe’s store and she and Tea Cake move to the Everglades to work as migrant farmers. They have just the bare necessities, but she is happy with Tea Cake and the life they have in their black community. Janie has always loved nature and enjoys working outdoors with Tea Cakes and her simple life with him because she loves him and he loves her.
“I’ll Be There”
You and I must make a pact
We must bring salvation back
Where there is loveI'll be there
I'll reach out my hand to you
I'll have faith in all you do
Just call my name
And I'll be there
I'll be there to comfort you
Build my world of dreams around you
I'm so glad I found you yeah
I'll be there with a love so strong
I'll be your strength
You know I'll keep holding on
Let me fill your heart with joy and laughter
Togetherness, well it's all I'm after
Just call my name and I'll be there
I'll be there to protect you
With an unselfish love that respects you
Just call my name
And I'll be there
I'll be there to comfort you
Build my world of dreams around you
You know I'm so glad that I found you
I'll be there with a love so strong
I'll be your strength
You know I'll keep holding on
See, if you should ever find someone new
I know she better be good to you
'Cause if she doesn't then
I'll be there
Don't you know baby yeah yeah
I'll be there
I'll be there
Just call my name and I'll be there
I'll be there, baby
You know I'll be there
Just call my name and
I'll be there
Just look over your shoulder
Just call my name and
I'll be there
Janie and Tea Cakes have some typical marriage trials, but grow stronger through them. One trial is a hurricane where they almost perish. Their love for one another grows stronger as it is tested. They commit to love each other all the more. Sadly, Tea Cakes dies and Janie is left to mourn.
“My Heart Will Go On”
Every night in my dreams
“My Heart Will Go On”
Every night in my dreams
I see you. I feel you.
That is how I know you go on.
Far across the distance
And spaces between us
You have come to show you go on.
Near, far, wherever you are
I believe that the heart does go on
Once more you open the door
And you're here in my heart
And my heart will go on and on
Love can touch us one time
And last for a lifetime
And never go till we're one
Love was when I loved you
One true time I hold to
In my life we'll always go on
Near, far, wherever you are
I believe that the heart does go on
Once more you open the door
And you're here in my heart
And my heart will go on and on
There is some love that will not go away
You're here, there's nothing I fear,
And I know that my heart will go on
We'll stay forever this way
You are safe in my heart
And my heart will go on and on
Janie has buried her beloved Tea Cake and returns to her previous hometown. She feels like Tea Cake is still close to her, in her heart, and she feels she can go on because she knows what love is and what is feels like to be loved. Tea Cake’s love for her continues on in her heart and in her dreams.
Inspired By “Their Eyes Were Watching God”
~By Melodie Olson
Thoughts of Sorrow
A small war of words, kept inside of me
Bein' married tuh Joe, "Well, it wasn't chee'ful",
Sorrow filled mah heart, as ah' was tellin' Phoeby.
Mah mind, protect me from his enmity
Feelin' powerless by de' mean bull,
A small war of words, kept inside of me.
Mah tresses ah' could touch, feel, and see
De' head-rag! De' head-rag! Dat Joe resentful
Sorrow filled mah heart, as ah' was tellin' Phoeby.
As every eye witnessed, fallin' tuh mah knee
Blow'd mah face wit his hand, like a fury hull,
A small war of words, kept inside of me.
Deep in disgrace, wallowing to be free
A facade of my own race, from fear that mulls,
Sorrow filled mah heart, as ah' was tellin' Phoeby.
Where is de' real Janie?
A bench of thoughts draped, mindfully,
A small war of words, kept inside of me
Sorrow filled mah heart, as ah' was tellin' Phoeby.
Finding Fulfillment
Searching her innermost uncertainty, her wisdom elopes
Wandering to the shrub, grasping the jaded billowing fruit,
Her young at heart quixotic yearnings, solaced by Gram's Hope,
The wise utter, "partners will create love" only to follow suit.
Being conjugal was about love, neither disparaging or old
Gram Was preaching matter-of-fact to the ear, sitting on a chair,
"Honest, hard-working farmer that Logan Killicks is", as Gram Told,
Serenity, passion conjoined as an impressionable love affair.
Gram's View of humanity, impacted by her slavery
Indigent and adversity, branded by the shade of her skin,
At sun down earth's recreation starts, brought by morning's bravery,
Gazing towards the upland, images of forsaken matters begin.
The aspirations of nuptial bliss had fallen, feeling overwhelmed,
The horizon awaits infinite promises at the edge of God's Realm.
De Way Ah Sees It
When ah was uh buddin' chile, I live wit dem white folks
Mah self, "well, ah thought I wuz white till de age of six",
Everybody, even de chillun were all laughin', crackin' jokes.
One day, de sheriff stop by talkin' 'bout chasin' mah dad,
Cuz what he done to mama; afta' awhile he wanted to marry her,
Gram saw dat ah was hangin' my head, cuz I felt real bad.
De way ah figure it, "White man only laks de blacks he know,
an de ones he don't is a unruly negro."
Dem made a law 'bout segregation, it's de Jim Crow.
One season, ah met a lady wid chalky colored skin
It was plain tuh see, she didn't lak color folks,
De whereabouts of dem, and heaps of distinct kin.
She say "Dey snigger lots, and Dey snigger too high.
All de time, crooning de blues, all de time slicing de
baboon fuh de white people. Dey lure light from de sky."
Teacake think she too dissimilar to folks lak us
He wuz irate, telling me 'bout her, throwin' a fuss,
Frowning on her view of life, de world and thus.
He knows dat it's comfortable to be friendly wid de white folks,
De way ah figure it, "White man only laks de blacks he know,
And de ones he don't is a unruly negro."
Thoughts of Sorrow
A small war of words, kept inside of me
Bein' married tuh Joe, "Well, it wasn't chee'ful",
Sorrow filled mah heart, as ah' was tellin' Phoeby.
Mah mind, protect me from his enmity
Feelin' powerless by de' mean bull,
A small war of words, kept inside of me.
Mah tresses ah' could touch, feel, and see
De' head-rag! De' head-rag! Dat Joe resentful
Sorrow filled mah heart, as ah' was tellin' Phoeby.
As every eye witnessed, fallin' tuh mah knee
Blow'd mah face wit his hand, like a fury hull,
A small war of words, kept inside of me.
Deep in disgrace, wallowing to be free
A facade of my own race, from fear that mulls,
Sorrow filled mah heart, as ah' was tellin' Phoeby.
Where is de' real Janie?
A bench of thoughts draped, mindfully,
A small war of words, kept inside of me
Sorrow filled mah heart, as ah' was tellin' Phoeby.
Finding Fulfillment
Searching her innermost uncertainty, her wisdom elopes
Wandering to the shrub, grasping the jaded billowing fruit,
Her young at heart quixotic yearnings, solaced by Gram's Hope,
The wise utter, "partners will create love" only to follow suit.
Being conjugal was about love, neither disparaging or old
Gram Was preaching matter-of-fact to the ear, sitting on a chair,
"Honest, hard-working farmer that Logan Killicks is", as Gram Told,
Serenity, passion conjoined as an impressionable love affair.
Gram's View of humanity, impacted by her slavery
Indigent and adversity, branded by the shade of her skin,
At sun down earth's recreation starts, brought by morning's bravery,
Gazing towards the upland, images of forsaken matters begin.
The aspirations of nuptial bliss had fallen, feeling overwhelmed,
The horizon awaits infinite promises at the edge of God's Realm.
De Way Ah Sees It
When ah was uh buddin' chile, I live wit dem white folks
Mah self, "well, ah thought I wuz white till de age of six",
Everybody, even de chillun were all laughin', crackin' jokes.
One day, de sheriff stop by talkin' 'bout chasin' mah dad,
Cuz what he done to mama; afta' awhile he wanted to marry her,
Gram saw dat ah was hangin' my head, cuz I felt real bad.
De way ah figure it, "White man only laks de blacks he know,
an de ones he don't is a unruly negro."
Dem made a law 'bout segregation, it's de Jim Crow.
One season, ah met a lady wid chalky colored skin
It was plain tuh see, she didn't lak color folks,
De whereabouts of dem, and heaps of distinct kin.
She say "Dey snigger lots, and Dey snigger too high.
All de time, crooning de blues, all de time slicing de
baboon fuh de white people. Dey lure light from de sky."
Teacake think she too dissimilar to folks lak us
He wuz irate, telling me 'bout her, throwin' a fuss,
Frowning on her view of life, de world and thus.
He knows dat it's comfortable to be friendly wid de white folks,
De way ah figure it, "White man only laks de blacks he know,
And de ones he don't is a unruly negro."
Synopsis of Their Eyes Were Watching God
~By Leon Richter
Zora Neale Hurston’s masterpiece novel There Eyes Were Watching God, is a story of Janie, an idealistic young black woman of the 1920’s as she matures through life’s trials. When the story begins, a weary Janie has just returned home and explains to a friend where life has taken her during the last twenty or so years. Janie was raised by her protective grandmother, or Nanny, who wanted Janie to lead a different life than the mother that abandoned her. Janie, who had a white father and a black mother, was set apart from the other black children, and when she realized that she was black, she didn’t feel as if she truly fit into either race.
As a teenage girl, she dreams of being romantically loved by a man that will serve and protect her. She obey her grandmother and marries the man she has chosen for Janie, an older, local farmer named Logan Killicks, who can keep Janie safe from other men. Logan is interested in someone to help his work on his farm. She soon finds herself unhappy in this marriage and after her grandmother dies, she runs off and marries a man that has been flirting with her. Her second husband, Joe Starks is closer to her age and has big hopes and dreams for the future. He is a shop owner and aspires to be a leader in his community. He becomes the mayor and is interested in Janie to complete the picture of his wealth and social status. Janie is once again in a miserable marriage and she endures his disrespect and sulky moods. Joe becomes ill and dies. Janie is free to once again as she did as a young girl and hardly mourns Joe’s death.
Janie believes her dreams are fulfilled when she meets and marries a young gambler and drinker who goes by the name of Tea Cake. She sells Joe’s store and moves to the Everglades with Tea Cake were they work in the fields as migrant workers. Their marriage is rocky at times, but Janie now feels as though she is experiencing the love she has always dreamed of having. She and Tea Cakes are immersed in typical black society and Janie feels alive and happy.
The climax of the story begins when the area of Florida they are living in is devastated by a hurricane. Janie and Tea Cake survive and feel they value one another all the more. While they were escaping from the flood waters caused by the storm, Tea Cake is bitten by a rabid dog and begins to display the disease himself. In a delusional fit, he tries shoot Janie who is committed to stay by his side until the end. She shoots him back in self defense, and Tea Cake dies. Janie is tried in court, but is quickly released by the jury who rule that the death was accidental. Janie buries Tea Cake like a king before returning home to Eatonville; this is where the story begins. Janie finishes her story to Pheoby, then goes upstairs to her bedroom to reflect on Tea Cake and her life. She is no longer a dreamy young girl, but a satisfied woman who has experienced life.
Tuesday, December 8, 2009
Janie's Chaotic Worldview
~By Elijah Neumann
Today is a confusing time to live. The American culture has become a chaotic, suffocating concoction of worldviews which are extremely different, yet are often used in the same sentence. A Christian must be outfitted with a solid worldview in order for his or her faith to survive. Close attention to the worldview Zora Neale Hurston portrays in “Their Eyes Were Watching God” will help Christian readers to better understand Janie’s actions, and perhaps to be guarded against false ideas that Zora may communicate. This can be accomplished by analyzing Janie’s beliefs on such points as the nature of God, the basis of morality, and the purpose of life.
Janie, like most other black Americans of the day, knows the Christian God. Her view of God is very much Christian in a number of ways. First, Janie recognizes God’s infinite power over nature. “The wind came back with triple fury, and put out the light for the last time. They sat in company with the others in other shanties, their eyes straining against crude walls and their souls asking if He meant to measure their puny might against His” (pp. 160). She also knows that God has the power to save her husband, Tea Cake, from danger. When he doesn’t come back from gambling one night, she prays that God will protect him. Finally, after hearing that Tea Cake is fatally sick, Janie looks up at the sky with her arms stretched heavenward, and asks for a sign. She concludes that “God would do less than He had in His heart” (pp. 178). By this we learn that Janie knows that God sees what happens on Earth, and cares. But she also knows that sometimes he chooses to let people suffer and die.
In all these ways, Janie demonstrates accurate Christian beliefs. However, Janie makes one fatal mistake: She does not acknowledge God’s daily presence in her life. Christians believe that God is more than an uninvolved superpower. Instead he is a God who wants to have a personal relationship with everyone. Christians believe that God is always there to help us with decisions, comfort us, and give us joy. Janie only cries out to God in moments of great trial, when she needs something from him. Janie’s un-involvement with God also causes her to have less than perfect beliefs about ethics, and causes her to make some poor choices.
Janie’s beliefs about ethics are reflected in who she admires. Her third husband, Tea Cake, is not a man of moral integrity. Prior to marrying Janie, he had been quite sexually immoral, (pp. 104). Even after marrying Janie, he continued to gamble, and seems fine with cleaning fellow gamblers from their last penny, (pp. 127). Still, Janie thinks the world of Tea Cake, and calls him “the son of the Evening Sun” (pp. 178). Janie also believes in revenge. She even prays to God to give her a chance to kill anyone who hurts Tea Cake, (pp. 126).
Janie’s moral beliefs are far shy of the Christian world view. She seems to believe in a sort of social standard of ethics, where everyone can do whatever they please, as long as it doesn’t hurt anyone else. She believes that anyone who hurts another person, thus breaking the social agreement, should be subject to others hurting him/her. This is a very worldly view of ethics, and one that is very common today. Christians believe that in addition to not hurting others, a person should also obey God. For instance, God commands that we do things like observing the Sabbath, and refrain from taking his name in vain. Janie was guilty of breaking both of these commands throughout the book. Janie really only got half the picture; she never tried to hurt any person, but she did hurt God by disobeying his laws. Janie also seems to have a rather selfish view on the meaning of life, which cannot be considered moral.
Janie’s purpose in life was to find a good life through the love of a marriage partner. Her life was a journey to find the right relationship. Janie’s first two husbands, Logan Killicks, and Joe Starks both loved Janie, but not in the right way. Finally Janie found Tea Cake, who loved her for who she was, and enjoyed spending time with her. Janie seemed satisfied with this marriage, which indicates that this was her purpose in life. Janie states her worldview on the purpose of life this way, “Two things everybody’s got tuh do fuh theyselves. They got tuh go tuh God, and they got tuh find out about livin’ fuh theyselves” (pp. 192). Christians most certainly believe that each individual must go to God to find fulfillment in life. Janie seems to acknowledge this in words, but she does not seem to have this relationship with God in her life. Instead, she tries to fill up the hole inside her soul with other people. With Tea Cake, she seems to finally succeed, which is a dangerous idea for naive Christian readers. The Christian worldview says that the purpose in life is to glorify God, and this is done only through our relationship with him. Janie thought that life was about living for herself, and only using God to help her through difficult times.
Overall, Janie’s worldview is a muddled assortment of Christian and Worldly teachings. Janie believes in God, but views him as distant, and only seeks him in times of great need. She believes in being kind to those around her, but neglects to obey all of God’s commands. And finally, her purpose in life was focused on herself, and she only used God, instead of serving him. Janie may have been a “good character”, and readers will no doubt be sympathetic to her emotions, and struggles. However, Janie’s life is not one that exemplifies the Christian life, and Christians reading “Their Eyes Were Watching God” should be cautious not to make the same mistakes as Janie did in the forming of her worldview.
References:
Hurston, Zora N. "Their Eyes Were Watching God"
New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2006.
Today is a confusing time to live. The American culture has become a chaotic, suffocating concoction of worldviews which are extremely different, yet are often used in the same sentence. A Christian must be outfitted with a solid worldview in order for his or her faith to survive. Close attention to the worldview Zora Neale Hurston portrays in “Their Eyes Were Watching God” will help Christian readers to better understand Janie’s actions, and perhaps to be guarded against false ideas that Zora may communicate. This can be accomplished by analyzing Janie’s beliefs on such points as the nature of God, the basis of morality, and the purpose of life.
Janie, like most other black Americans of the day, knows the Christian God. Her view of God is very much Christian in a number of ways. First, Janie recognizes God’s infinite power over nature. “The wind came back with triple fury, and put out the light for the last time. They sat in company with the others in other shanties, their eyes straining against crude walls and their souls asking if He meant to measure their puny might against His” (pp. 160). She also knows that God has the power to save her husband, Tea Cake, from danger. When he doesn’t come back from gambling one night, she prays that God will protect him. Finally, after hearing that Tea Cake is fatally sick, Janie looks up at the sky with her arms stretched heavenward, and asks for a sign. She concludes that “God would do less than He had in His heart” (pp. 178). By this we learn that Janie knows that God sees what happens on Earth, and cares. But she also knows that sometimes he chooses to let people suffer and die.
In all these ways, Janie demonstrates accurate Christian beliefs. However, Janie makes one fatal mistake: She does not acknowledge God’s daily presence in her life. Christians believe that God is more than an uninvolved superpower. Instead he is a God who wants to have a personal relationship with everyone. Christians believe that God is always there to help us with decisions, comfort us, and give us joy. Janie only cries out to God in moments of great trial, when she needs something from him. Janie’s un-involvement with God also causes her to have less than perfect beliefs about ethics, and causes her to make some poor choices.
Janie’s beliefs about ethics are reflected in who she admires. Her third husband, Tea Cake, is not a man of moral integrity. Prior to marrying Janie, he had been quite sexually immoral, (pp. 104). Even after marrying Janie, he continued to gamble, and seems fine with cleaning fellow gamblers from their last penny, (pp. 127). Still, Janie thinks the world of Tea Cake, and calls him “the son of the Evening Sun” (pp. 178). Janie also believes in revenge. She even prays to God to give her a chance to kill anyone who hurts Tea Cake, (pp. 126).
Janie’s moral beliefs are far shy of the Christian world view. She seems to believe in a sort of social standard of ethics, where everyone can do whatever they please, as long as it doesn’t hurt anyone else. She believes that anyone who hurts another person, thus breaking the social agreement, should be subject to others hurting him/her. This is a very worldly view of ethics, and one that is very common today. Christians believe that in addition to not hurting others, a person should also obey God. For instance, God commands that we do things like observing the Sabbath, and refrain from taking his name in vain. Janie was guilty of breaking both of these commands throughout the book. Janie really only got half the picture; she never tried to hurt any person, but she did hurt God by disobeying his laws. Janie also seems to have a rather selfish view on the meaning of life, which cannot be considered moral.
Janie’s purpose in life was to find a good life through the love of a marriage partner. Her life was a journey to find the right relationship. Janie’s first two husbands, Logan Killicks, and Joe Starks both loved Janie, but not in the right way. Finally Janie found Tea Cake, who loved her for who she was, and enjoyed spending time with her. Janie seemed satisfied with this marriage, which indicates that this was her purpose in life. Janie states her worldview on the purpose of life this way, “Two things everybody’s got tuh do fuh theyselves. They got tuh go tuh God, and they got tuh find out about livin’ fuh theyselves” (pp. 192). Christians most certainly believe that each individual must go to God to find fulfillment in life. Janie seems to acknowledge this in words, but she does not seem to have this relationship with God in her life. Instead, she tries to fill up the hole inside her soul with other people. With Tea Cake, she seems to finally succeed, which is a dangerous idea for naive Christian readers. The Christian worldview says that the purpose in life is to glorify God, and this is done only through our relationship with him. Janie thought that life was about living for herself, and only using God to help her through difficult times.
Overall, Janie’s worldview is a muddled assortment of Christian and Worldly teachings. Janie believes in God, but views him as distant, and only seeks him in times of great need. She believes in being kind to those around her, but neglects to obey all of God’s commands. And finally, her purpose in life was focused on herself, and she only used God, instead of serving him. Janie may have been a “good character”, and readers will no doubt be sympathetic to her emotions, and struggles. However, Janie’s life is not one that exemplifies the Christian life, and Christians reading “Their Eyes Were Watching God” should be cautious not to make the same mistakes as Janie did in the forming of her worldview.
References:
Hurston, Zora N. "Their Eyes Were Watching God"
New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2006.
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